An Integrated Work Environment in Action
In B31.3-2012, when using eq. (1b) in para. 302.3.5 (d) to get liberal “Allowable Displacement Stress Range, SA“, a typical piping stress program sets “SL” as sustained stress at the installation condition (with all supports active). This practice seems to fail to satisfy the intent of the code, because a “hot” sustained case might have a different support condition, as illustrated in B31-3 Appendix S, Example 2 (see a video on this in the "WinPIPE in Action" section of the website).
In B31.3-2014 and 2016, “SL” in paragraph 302.3.5 (d) is precisely defined as “the maximum value of sustained stress, considering all support conditions” (quoted from B31.3-2016). That essentially declares that the above practice for liberal expansion allowable is wrong.
In WinPIPE, we have designed a new scheme to comply with the code requirement:
Most of the time, a hot sustained case could be easily set up by getting the support status directly from an operating case. However, there are situations that call for engineers’ experiences and judgement. For example, if a pipe model has a lot of +Y supports, although an operating condition doesn’t lift off the supports, it does alleviate the weight on the supports (therefore reducing the friction force in horizontal directions). In this scenario, a sustained horizontal force might cause a hot spot in the pipe system. Turning off horizontal restraints manually could help engineers to catch this problem.
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